Tactile intervention in Newborns

1. Role of Touch in Newborn Infants

Touch is the first sense to develop (by 8 weeks gestation) and is the primary channel of communication for the neonate.

Procedural/Negative Touch: Associated with stress/pain. Strategy: "Cluster care" to allow rest periods.
Containment (Facilitated Tucking):
- Technique: Caregiver gently holds the infant’s head and lower back/feet, keeping limbs flexed near the midline.
- Role: Provides security during painful procedures, reduces physiological instability (bradycardia/desaturation).
Comfort Touch: Gentle, firm, constant contact (avoid light stroking/tickling which is overstimulating).
Skin-to-Skin Contact (Kangaroo Mother Care):
- Role: Essential for thermoregulation (thermal synchrony), stabilization of heart rate/breathing, and promotion of deep sleep states (Quiet Sleep).

Vagal Stimulation: Moderate pressure stimulates pressure receptors $\to$ increased vagal tone $\to$ increased release of Gastrin and Insulin $\to$ better food absorption and anabolism.
Kinesthetic Stimulation: Passive movements increase bone mineralization.

Timing: Perform when the infant is in a quiet alert state; avoid if sick/unstable.
Pressure: Moderate pressure (firm strokes) is effective; light pressure (tickling) is aversive.
Sequence: Generally head-to-toe; includes strokes from face $\to$ chest $\to$ abdomen $\to$ limbs $\to$ back.
Medium: Use of oils (e.g., coconut/sunflower) may enhance weight gain via transcutaneous fat absorption and barrier repair.

Growth: Significant increase in daily weight gain (up to 47% more in some studies).
Neurodevelopment: Reduced stress behaviors, improved sleep-wake cycling, and earlier hospital discharge (avg. 6 days earlier).
Pain Relief: Increases beta-endorphins; useful for colic/gas relief.
Bone Density: Improved bone mineralization in preterms.