🔢 Statistics

Basics of Statistics

1. Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)
2. Strength and Quality of Evidence
3. GRADE approach for level of evidence
4. Ethics in Medical Research
5. Role of Institutional Ethics Committees in Research
6. Assent for a study involving children

Study Design & Methodology

1. Characteristics of a Good Research Question
2. PICO(T) Framework
3. Study Designs in Medical Research
4. Observational Studies
5. Case Control vs Cohort Studies
6. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT)
7. Cluster Randomized Trials
8. Phases of Clinical Trials
9. Blinding in Medical Statistics
10. Randomization Techniques
11. Allocation Concealment
12. Intention-to-Treat and Per-Protocol Analysis

Sample Size & Planning

1. Sample Size Calculation

Bias, Validity & Measurement Concepts

1. Bias in Statistics
2. Accuracy and Precision
3. Statistical Errors
4. Lead Time and Lead Time Bias

Descriptive Statistics & Data Handling

1. Types of Data
2. Mean, Median and Mode
3. Standard Deviation and Standard Error
4. Percentiles and Z-scores

Measures of Risk, Association & Impact

1. Relative Risk (RR)
2. Odds Ratio (OR)
3. Number Needed to Treat (NNT) and Number Needed to Harm (NNH)

Diagnostic & Screening Statistics

1. Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV
2. Evaluation of a Diagnostic Test Study
3. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve and Area Under the Curve (AUC)
4. Wilson and Jungner Criteria for Screening

Inferential Statistics & Hypothesis Testing

1. Hypothesis Testing
2. P-Value in Statistical Hypothesis Testing
3. Confidence Interval
4. Tests of Statistical Significance
5. T Tests
6. Chi-Square Test
7. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
8. Regression Analysis
9. Linear Correlation Coefficient

Data Visualization & Interpretation

1. Forest Plot
2. Funnel Plot
3. Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis and Plot

Evidence Synthesis & Reviews

1. Meta Analysis
2. Network Meta-Analysis
3. Cochrane Reviews

Publication Ethics & Scientific Writing

1. ICMJE Criteria for Authorship
2. Standards of Authorship, Gift and Ghost Authorship
3. Conflict of Interest Disclosure
4. Research Misconduct - FFP (Falsification, Fabrication and Plagiarism)
5. Open Access Journals - Advantages and Disadvantages